Pamusoro, kuumbwa kwe peptide zvisungo, kubereka dipeptides, iri nyore kemikari maitiro.Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvikamu zviviri zveamino acid zvakabatanidzwa ne peptide bond, amide bond, apo inenge isina mvura.
Peptide bond formation ndeye activation yeamino acid pasi pemamiriro ekuita.(A) carboxyl moiety, yechipiri amino acid (B) Nucleophilic activated carboxyl moiety inobva yagadzira dipeptide (AB)."Kana iyo carboxyl chikamu (A) isina kuchengetedzwa, kuumbwa kwepeptide bond hakugone kudzorwa."Zvigadzirwa zvakadai semutsara uye cyclic peptides zvinogona kusanganiswa nezvinonangwa makomisheni AB.Naizvozvo, mapoka ese anoshanda asingabatanidzwe mukugadzira peptide bond anofanirwa kuchengetedzwa nenzira inodzoreredzwa kwenguva pfupi panguva yepeptide synthesis.
Saka, peptide synthesis - kuumbwa kwega yega peptide bond - inosanganisira matanho matatu ekuunganidza.
Danho rekutanga nderekugadzirira mamwe maamino acid anoda kuchengetedzwa, uye zwitterionic chimiro chemaamino acid hachisipo.
Nhanho yechipiri ndeyekuita nhanho mbiri kuumba peptide zvisungo, umo carboxyl boka reN-protected amino acid rinotanga kushandiswa kune inoshanda yepakati uyezve peptide bond inoumbwa.Kuita kwakabatana uku kunogona kuitika senge nhanho imwe-nhanho kuita kana semaitirwo maviri anotevedzana.
Nhanho yechitatu ndeyekusarudzwa kubviswa kana kubviswa kwakakwana kwechigadziko chekudzivirira.Kunyange zvazvo kubviswa kwese kunogona kuitika chete mushure mokunge maketani ose epeptide aungana, kusarudzwa kubviswa kwemapoka ekudzivirira kunodiwawo kuti uenderere mberi peptide synthesis.
Nekuti gumi amino acids (Ser, Thr, Tyr, Asp, Glu, Lys, Arg, His, Sec uye Cys) ane mativi cheni anoshanda mapoka, ayo anoda kuchengetedzwa kwakasarudzika, zvichiita kuti peptide synthesis iwedzere kuoma.Yenguva pfupi uye semi-chisingaperi mabhesi ekudzivirira anofanirwa kusiyaniswa nekuda kwezvakasiyana zvinodiwa zvekusarudza.Mapoka ekudzivirira kwenguva pfupi anoshandiswa munhanho inotevera kuratidza kuchengetedzwa kwenguva pfupi kweamino acid kana carboxyl inoshanda mapoka.Semi-chisingaperi mapoka ekudzivirira anobviswa pasina kupindira neakatoumbwa peptide zvisungo kana amino acid parutivi cheni, dzimwe nguva panguva yekubatanidza.
"Zvakanaka, activation yecarboxyl chikamu uye kunotevera kuumbwa kwepeptide bond (coupling reactions) kunofanirwa kukurumidza, pasina kukwikwidza kana ne-chigadzirwa kuumbwa, uye molar reactants inofanirwa kushandiswa kuwana goho rakakura."Nehurombo, hapana imwe yemakemikari ekubatanidza nzira inogutsa izvi zvinodiwa, uye mashoma akakodzera kushandisika synthesis.
Munguva yepeptide synthesis, mapoka anoshanda anobatanidzwa mukuita kwakasiyana-siyana anowanzobatanidzwa kune bhuku rekunyora, glycine ndiyo chete inosarudzika, uye kune ngozi inogona kuitika yekutenderera.
Nhanho yekupedzisira mupeptide synthesis cycle ndeyekubviswa kwemapoka ese ekudzivirira.Kusarudzwa kubviswa kwemapoka ekudzivirira kwakakosha pakuwedzera kwepeptide cheni mukuwedzera kune chinodiwa chekubvisa zvachose kudzivirira mu dipeptide synthesis.Nzira dzekugadzira dzinofanira kunyatsorongwa.Zvichienderana nesarudzo yehungwaru, N inogona kusarudza kubvisa iyo α-amino kana carboxyl mapoka ekudzivirira.Izwi rekuti "strategy" rinoreva kutevedzana kwekuita kwe condensation yeumwe neumwe amino acids.Kazhinji, pane musiyano pakati pekugadzirisa zvishoma nezvishoma uye fragment condensation.Peptide synthesis (inozivikanwawo se "conventional synthesis") inoitika mukugadziriswa.Kazhinji, kurebesa zvishoma nezvishoma kweketani yepeptide kunogona chete kugadzirwa nekushandisa peptide cheni kugadzira zvimedu zvipfupi.Kugadzira mapeptides akareba, mamorekuru anonangwa anofanirwa kupatsanurwa kuita zvidimbu zvakakodzera uye kutariswa kuti anogona kudzikisa dhigirii rekusiyanisa paC terminus.Mushure mekunge zvimedu zvega zvaunganidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma, iyo inotarirwa komputa ichabatanidzwa kumusoro.Iyo nzira yepeptide synthesis inosanganisira kusarudzwa kwechimedu chekudzivirira chakanakisa uye chakakodzera, uye zano repeptide synthesis rinosanganisira kusarudzwa kwemusanganiswa wakakodzera wemabhesi ekudzivirira uye yakanakisa nzira yekumisikidza chidimbu.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-19-2023